As It is well known, writing is a process which involves different approaches depending on the writer’s goals. If the author is expressing him or herself in his or her native language the writing process might be easier than doing so in a foreign language. The writer’s perspective changes when it comes to produce text in a different language from his or her own. Native language writing might be a more fluent process than doing so in another linguistic system. When the writer has to be submitted to structural rules of a specific language, patterns change and proficiency issues appear. According to these aspects, the hardest obstacle that foreign language writers have to surpass is the native language pattern so they would be able to avoid translation. Foreign language writing begins as an internal process, which provides speakers a second language syntactic structure awareness, among other factors that would improve their writing results.

The first challenge writers are faced to in foreign language writing is language proficiency which is defined by Bialystock as “present identifiable standards against which to describe language skills of users in different contexts” (1998, p. 504). It proves that writers must have a necessary proficiency level in order to attain the proper understanding from the reader, however, this is not an easy task. Language performance takes a defining role, the more immerse in the foreign language the writer is, better results will be obtained. Native language pattern’s barriers are hard to overcome; its structures may be an obstacle to accomplish target language competence. Therefore strategies vary depending on the language, rhetorical styles are different from one language to another, also cultural factors and those are aspects the writer needs to take into account when it comes to address a specific topic in a particular language. The divergences between the native and the target language play an important role in the explanation of any idea, depending on the relation those languages have the easier or the harder writing will be. The cognitive theory expresses that “communicating orally or in writing is an active process of skill development and gradual elimination of errors” (Johanne Myles, Second Language Writing and Research: The Writing Process and Error Analysis in Student Texts) as the foreign language is being internalized, its acquisition is the sum of many different interaction complexities: Environmental and Individual mechanisms.

Another important aspect writers have to be aware of is conscious reflexion in what is being written about and the kind of reader is being written for, Context and pertinence should be present in any speech. The more attached the writer is to the foreign language speaking norms, the better understanding will be achieved.  The audience is an essential element in the writing process, but what happens when these readers are native speakers of a language that the writer is not?, the first writer’s goal must be competence, once it is completed, content and relevance are the second goal, which the writer has to recur to communicate the message he or she wants to express. According to the Flower and Hayes (1980, 1981) model the most important goal writers must have is “involving the reader, the writer’s persona, the construction of meaning and the production of the formal text”, when the message has been clearly explained, the writing process has been prolific. Those are the reasons why rhetoric is such an important part of any written text, and it changes depending on the language you are speaking from, (Kaplan, 1972) “is a phenomenon tied to the linguistic system of a particular language”, Kaplan explains how rhetoric is an important part of the relation between culture and language and the parameters it has will be shown in the forms of speaking: Orally and written.